Stone library / Jade & Ornamental Stones / JadeNephrite Jade (Hetian Jade)Everything you need to know about nephrite jade (hetian jade): what it is, where it comes from, how to spot treated stones, and how to wear and care for it.Note: Known as in Chinese; one of China's 'Four Great Jades'. Distinct from jadeite—nephrite is softer, tougher, and has a more waxy luster.Illustrative Nephrite Jade (Hetian Jade) image. Appearance alone cannot confirm the exact material, treatment, origin, or value of a specific piece.What is nephrite jade (hetian jade)?Nephrite Jade (Hetian Jade) is a mineral variety with chemical formula Ca₂(Mg,Fe²⁺)₅[Si₈O₂₂](OH)₂. It has a Mohs hardness of 6–6.5, density of approximately 2.9–3.1 g/cm³, and refractive index of 1.60–1.63.What gives it its color?Iron content determines green-to-brown tones; pure tremolite is white ('mutton fat jade')Where does it come from?Major sources include Xinjiang (Hetian), China — the namesake; also Russia, Canada, New Zealand (pounamu).Treatments and how to spot themWaxing, dyeing, and polymer impregnation exist. 'Mutton fat' white nephrite is the most valued Chinese variety.Important: Visual clues such as inclusions, color patterns, or surface features can provide preliminary observations, but they cannot replace refractive index, specific gravity, microscopic examination, and laboratory testing for a definitive identification. Treat visual clues as starting points, not final answers. Jewelry and care tipsWith hardness 6–6.5, nephrite jade (hetian jade) is suitable for rings, pendants, earrings, and bracelets. Clean with warm soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners unless the stone is known to be fracture-free. Store separately from harder gemstones.Cultural beliefs and symbolismNephrite Jade (Hetian Jade) carries cultural meaning across many traditions — these are folkloric and cultural traditions, not scientifically verified properties. Its associations vary by culture, and its use in astrology, chakra, or feng shui contexts should be understood as cultural expression rather than factual claims.What affects its value?Price is determined by color saturation, clarity, cut quality, and size. Before buying: ask the seller to confirm the material identity, treatment status, dimensions, and return policy in writing.Use this guide as a starting pointFor a costly or disputed stone, ask for species, treatment, and origin information in writing. An independent laboratory report is stronger evidence than a marketing phrase.Return to Jade & Ornamental StonesPrevious guideMorganiteNext guideObsidianSources: GIA reference and the GemVerity editorial method. This is an educational guide, not a gemological identification report. Cultural beliefs described above are folkloric traditions, not scientific guarantees.